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The political system in Israel

The state of Israel is parliamentary democracy based on the principle of separation of powers. The prime minister is at the head of government which forms the executive. Israel's legislative is formed by parliament, which is called the Knesset. An independent judiciary is headed by the high court which is the highest instance. The president is the head of state whose function is mainly a representative one. The Knesset has 120 members, who are elected by the Israeli people every four years. The prime minister is also elected in direct elections. The state of Israel does not have a constitution. This is mainly because differences between the parties have made it impossible to reach agreement on how the constitution should be worded. Some religious parties, for instance, reject the idea of a secular society.

The Labor Party (hebrew: Haavoda) has spent the longest period in office in Israel and is a combination of several small socialist and social-democratic parties. The Labor Party to which important politicians such as Rabin, Ben Gurion, Peres and Barak belong follow a relatively moderate line on the Palestinian question as apposed to the more hard-line Likud. The Likud Block is Israel's largest public party and has survived several splits during its history.

Likud follows a considerably harder line with regard to the Palestinians. This was especially clear during Netanyahu's term in office when things deteriorated with regard to the Palestinian question rather than better. The restrictive clause in elections to the Knesset is very low at 1.5%. This means that parliament, like the public, is very fragmented. Small coalition parties often have the power to "tip the scales". In addition to the religious parties, many parties have been founded since the mid eighties and represent the interests of East Europeans.

Israel

Founded 1948

Parliamentary democratic republic

Area: 20.770 km2

Population: 5.5 million.

(81% Jews, 14% Moslems, 3% Christians)

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This online service on the subject of political education was developed by agora-wissen, the Stuttgart-based Gesellschaft für Wissensvermittlung über neue Medien und politische Bildung (GbR) (Partnership for the Exchange of Information Using New Media and Political Education). Please contact us with your questions or comments. Translation from German into English by twigg's Übersetzung deutsch-englisch.